New energy vehicles are now more people buy more cars. With the country's strong support for electric vehicles, there have also been car charging stations. Recently, How to charge new energy electric vehicles?
Can an electric car be charged at home?
At present, most electric car charging can be charged at home. There are two general types: low-voltage slow charging and high-voltage fast charging. Low-voltage slow-speed charging generally uses the civilian 220V voltage to directly charge, the speed is slow, the damage to the battery system is small, suitable for home charging after overnight. High-voltage fast charging is generally high-voltage electricity. Now there are some pilot charging stations in big cities with pure electric vehicles. Similar to gas stations, they use high-voltage fast charging. For example, the BYD E6 can charge 80% in 15 minutes. Of course, you can also charge quickly at home, but you need to have a charging station, similar to an oversized transformer.
Wireless charging is also called inductive charging (convenient)
The inductive charger is a transformer principle that uses a high-frequency alternating magnetic field to sense electrical energy from the original side of the vehicle to the secondary side of the vehicle to achieve the purpose of charging the battery. The biggest advantage of inductive charging is safety. This is because there is no direct point contact between the charger and the electric vehicle, so that even if the electric vehicle is in a bad climate, such as rain or snow, there is no danger of charging.
Charging an electric vehicle with a constant charging and constant current traditional charging method (general)
Simply plug the plug of the car charger into the parking lot or the power outlet in your home to charge it, so the charging process is usually done by the customer himself. Directly from the low-voltage lighting circuit, the charging power is small, and it is powered by the standard grid power supply of 220V/16A specification. Typical charging times are 8 to 10 h (SOC is above 95%). This type of charging has no special requirements for the power grid, and can be used as long as it can meet the lighting requirements. Since charging at home is usually at night or during a low power period, which is conducive to the efficient use of electrical energy, the power sector generally gives electric vehicle users some discounts, such as electricity trough charging discounts.
Small chargers are installed in the street, supermarkets, office buildings, parking lots, etc. Charge with regular charging current. The electric car driver only needs to park the car at the designated position of the charging station and connect the wires to start charging. The billing method is coin-operated or swipe, and the charging power is generally 5 to 10 kW. It is powered by a three-phase four-wire 380V or a single-phase 220V. The typical charging time is: 1~2h for power, 5~8h for full (SOC is over 95%)
Fast charging (fast)
The power of the charger is very large, generally greater than 30kW, and is powered by a three-phase four-wire 380V. Its typical charging time is: 10 ~ 30min. This type of charging has a certain impact on battery life. In particular, ordinary batteries cannot be quickly charged because accepting a large amount of power in a short period of time can cause the battery to overheat. The key to the fast charging station is the off-board fast charging unit, which can output 35kW or more. Due to the high power and current ratings, this type of charging has high requirements on the power grid. It should be used near the 10kV substation or in monitoring stations and service centers. Large charging stations (machines) charging method.
Replace the battery (mechanical)
In addition to the above charging methods, it is also possible to replace the battery pack with a fully charged battery pack when the battery is exhausted. The battery is owned by the service station or the battery manufacturer, and the electric vehicle user only needs to rent the battery. The electric vehicle user parks the car in a specific area, and then removes the depleted battery with a battery replacement machine and replaces it with a fully charged battery pack. For the replaced uncharged battery, it can be charged at the service station, or it can be collected and charged later. Since the battery replacement process includes mechanical replacement and battery charging, it is sometimes called mechanical "refueling".
Mobile charging (higher requirements for external conditions)
Electric car users do not have to find a charging station, park their vehicles and spend time charging. The MAC system is buried under a section of the road, the charging area, and does not require additional space. Both contact and inductive MAC systems are implemented. For the contact MAC system, it is necessary to install a contact arch at the bottom of the vehicle body, and by contacting the charging member embedded on the road surface, the contact arch can obtain a transient high current. When an electric car cruises through the MAC zone, its charging process is pulse charging. For inductive MAC systems, the vehicle-mounted contact arch is replaced by an induction coil, and the charging element embedded in the road surface is replaced by a high-current winding that generates a strong magnetic field.
